dir

dir([object])

Returns a list of the attributes and methods of an obj or the names in the current local scope (built-in).

object

optional

REMARKS

* This is a built-in function.
* This function tries to return the most relevant, rather than complete, information.
* With no argument, this returns the list of names in the current local scope.
* With an argument, this returns a list of valid attributes for that object.
* If the object has a method named __dir__(), this method will be called and it must return the list of attributes.
* If the object is a module object, the list contains the names of the module's attributes.
* If the object is a type or class object, the list contains the names of its attributes, and recursively of the attributes of its bases.
* Metaclass attributes are not in the result list when the argument is a class.
* For the Official documentation refer to python.org

dir()   # show the names in the module namespace  
['__builtins__', '__name__', 'struct']  

x = 10 
y = 20 
def foo(): 
    pass 
print(dir()) 
['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__loader__', 
 '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'foo', 'x', 'y']

class Shape: 
     def __dir__(self): 
        return ['area', 'perimeter', 'location']  
s = Shape() 
dir(s) 
['area', 'location', 'perimeter']